On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte Poland with no American Delegation. Where is president Obama, Vice President Biden or Secretary of state Hillary Clinton?
Polish American Community and people of Poland one of the US strongest allied are outrage that US is not sending high ranking delegation to this event.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte will be attended by German chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin and other 69 Heads of States and Governments will Participante.Among those expected to be present at the Westerplatte monument on 1 September are also the prime ministers of Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, the Baltic states, Finland, as well as European Parliament president Jerzy Buzek. France and the UK, which were Poland's allies in 1939, will be represented by foreign ministers Bernard Kouchner and David Miliband.
But not from United States of America
To the entire world Westerplatte ( the Polish Thermopile ) in Poland is like Pearl Harbor to American people.
i zdrada / ...and betrayal 10
Westerplatte (1967) part03 [English Subtitles] Polish war movie
Clips from CBC mini documentary about Poland's contribution to the war effort. Polish pilots of the RAF. Betrayal of Poland by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin.
Over the course of the violent engagement some 2,600 German soldiers fought against the 205-strong garrison of stalwart Poles. The exact number of German casualties has never been disclosed, but is assumed to be quite high in comparison to the Polish figures - of the 205 Polish soldiers defending the outpost, only 14 perished (including the Polish radio operator, later executed for refusing to divulge radio codes to the German side) while 53 were wounded.
On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time, as Germany began its invasion of Poland, Schleswig-Holstein started to shell the Polish garrison. This was followed by a repelled attack by German naval infantry. Another two assaults that day were repelled as well. Over the coming days, the Germans repeatedly bombarded Westerplatte with naval and heavy field artillery along with dive-bombing raids by Junkers Ju 87 Stukas. Repeated attacks of 3500 German soldiers were repelled by the 180 Polish soldiers for seven days. Major Henryk Sucharski had been informed that no help from the Polish Army would come but still he decided to defend to relieve attacks on Polish coast - most of the German forces were engaged in the attacks on Westerplatte. On September 7th Major Henryk Sucharski decided to surrender due to lack of ammunition and supplies. As a sign of honor for the soldiers of Westerplatte, German commander, Gen. Eberhardt, allowed Mjr. Sucharski to keep his officer's sword while being taken prisoner.
Westerplatte Defenders Repulse Attacks From Sea, Air and Land; 70 to 200 Polish 'Suicide Troops' Shatter Two German Attempts to Storm Fortress After Plane and Ship Bombardments.
A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in Danzig Harbor, where the first shot of the European war was fired, according to announcement in Berlin
Westerplatte - il cimitero dei soldati caduti durante i combattimenti nel settembre 1939. Al centro la lapide del comandante, il maggiore Henryk Sucharski. L'avamposto militare di Westerplatte, secondo i piani strategici di difesa, doveva resistere al nemico soltanto 12 ore in attesa dell'arrivo dei soccorsi. Aveva invece resistito sette giorni agli attacchi furiosi della nave corazzata "Schlezwig-Holstein", della fanteria e delle forze aeree tedesche.
Sep 1, 1939 - Am 1. September 1939, einen Tag nachdem der Senat die Verdienstmedaille Danziger Kreuz beschlossen hatte, beschoss die Wehrmacht die Westerplatte, und im Gefecht um das Polnische Postamt in Danzig wurde dieses Gebäude erstürmt. Zudem trafen Truppen der.
Sep 1, 1939 - Pouco faltava para as cinco da manhã de 1 de Setembro de 1939, quando o couraçado alemão Schleswig-Holstein, ancorado na foz do Vístula no interior da Cidade Livre de Gdańsk começou a bombardear a guarnição militar polaca em Westerplatte.
Sep 2, 1939 - "The commander in chief greets the gallant garrison at Westerplatte and expects every man to stick to his sanguinary post." BY ANDREAS BACKER. I ... The call for sacrifice was directed at the "suicide battalion" which mans the Polish munitions dump of Westerplatte off Danzig harbor.
Sep 4, 1939 - After three days of bombardment from sea and air, a little Polish garrison still held the Westerplatte munitions base in Danzig Harbor tonight. ... Thirty airplanes dropped between fifty and sixty bombs on the Westerplatte yesterday, but the Poles still retaliated with machine-gun fire.
Sep 7, 1939 - When this writer left the Nazi-held city of Danzig yesterday morning a small force of Polish soldiers--between 70 and 200 of them--still resisted valiantly in Westerplatte fortress after four days of a fierce siege. Machine-gun fire from the Polish garrison shattered completely two ...
Sep 8, 1939 - A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in ... The Schleswig-Holstein steamed into position early is the day; trained her gone on the Westerplatte and blasted away: All that , day the ...
Sep 10, 1939 - They were aimed at the Westerplatte, a small Polish fortress, on a Danzig peninsula.. For nearly a week after Danzig had been proclaimed by Adolf Hitler a part of the Reich and German troops had occupied the city, the Polish garrison of the Westerplatte held out. ...
Today the ruins of the barracks and two blockhouses - the only structures on the island - still remain. One of the blockhouses has been converted into a museum commemorating the battle and those who fought there, with two shells from the Schleswig-Holstein ironically propping the entrance. A placid 25m tall stone monument now marks the site of this infamous exchange that preceded the levelling of Gdansk's Old Town and sparked a worldwide conflict that would result in immeasurable suffering (particularly in Poland). Though it is outside the city, Westerplatte is a worthwhile venture for anyone visiting Gdansk; like so many sights in Poland, it is haunted by it's troubling history in the face of a beautiful natural environment.
Gdansk's picturesque Westerplatte peninsula has the unhappy distinction of being the site of the official start of the Second World War. A small forested island separated from Gdansk by the harbour channel, Westerplatte was established as a Polish military outpost during the interwar period, equipped with one 75mm field gun, two 37mm antitank guns (slightly mystifying for a coastal defense), four mortars and several medium machine guns, but lacking any true fortifications. By the autumn of 1939, the Polish garrison occupying Westerplatte comprised of 182 soldiers expected to withstand a potential attack for twelve hours.
In late August, 1939, under the suspect pretense of an amiable courtesy visit, the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein dropped anchor in the channel off Westerplatte and on September 1, at exactly 04:45 local time, began it's barrage of the Polish outpost with its superior 280 and 150mm guns. Thus began Germany's invasion of Poland, igniting the powderkeg that would explode into World War II.
Expecting an easy victory, the German offensive was sternly repelled by Polish small arms and machine gun fire, and suffered unexpected losses during two more assaults upon Westerplatte the same day. The only Polish 75mm gun was destroyed after discharging 28 shells into the German position across the channel. Despite a German naval infantry invasion, sustained bombardment by heavy artillery and diving airraids from German warplanes, the Polish garrison repulsed the Germans for seven days, before the depleted unit, suffering from exhaustion, severe injury and a shortage of food, water, ammunition and medical supplies, was forced to surrender on September 7th.
A Song of the Soldiers of Westerplatte
Boleslaw Prus
When their days had been filled
and it was time to die in the summer,
They went straight to heaven in a coach-and-four,
the soldiers of Westerplatte.
(Summer was beautiful that year.)
They sang: "Ah, ‘tis nothing
that our wounds were so painful,
for now it is sweet to walk
the heavenly fields."
(On earth that year there was plenty of heather for bouquets.)
In Gdansk we stood like a wall
in defiance of the German offensive,
now we soar among the clouds,
we soldiers of Westerplatte.
Those with keen sense of sight
and sound are said to have heard
in the clouds the measured step
of the Maratime Batallion.
This was the song they heard: "We'll
take advantage of the sunshine
and bask in the warm days
in the heather fields of paradise.
But when the cold wind blows
and sorrow courses the earth,
We'll float down to the center of Warsaw,
The soldiers of Westerplatte."
-translated by Walter Whipple
1st September 1939
At 04.30 Stuka dive-bombers prematurely bombed the bridge at Tczew in the Pomeranian Corridor. SS troops dressed in Polish uniforms attacked the radio station at Gleiwitz and broadcast inflammatory statements urging Polish minorities to take up arms against Hitler. For a touch of realism, several bodies of concentration inmates dressed in Polish uniforms, were left behind as 'evidence' for journalists (Zaloga and Madej, 1991) to report on.
The Free City of Danzig was heavily shelled and bombed, inflicting heavy casualties upon the civilian population and military coastal defences or navy flotillas. In Danzig, the defenders, particularly civilian volunteers were shot. The Army Pomorze faced the 4th Army whose tactic was to isolate them in the north from the rest of the Polish Forces and then link up with the Third Army and attack Warsaw.
Daylong fighting produced at times, scenes of sheer heroism. The Pomorska Cavalry Brigade had been in contacts with the German 20th Motorized Infantry Division. Colonel Masterlarz had half the unit mount up and attempted a surprise attack from the rear. Catching an infantry battalion by surprise in a woodland clearing, the sabre attack wiped them out. Legends and myths were borne of cavalry units taking on armoured vehicles. However, what is forgotten, is that the cavalry units carried anti-tank weapons for rapid deployment (Zaloga and Madej, 1991).
On the Prussian Front the German Third Army broke through defences to the north of Warsaw. Ground attacks started at 05.00 and aimed to knock out the heavy fortifications at Mlawa. It was on this front that the Polish Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade had a number of sabre clashes with the German First Cavalry Brigade (Zaloga and Madej,1991) thus marking an end to mounted warfare. The Polish Special Operational Group Narew had virtually no contacts with German forces due to the restraining action of the Polish Third Army and therefore effectively denied rapid gains on this front.
The heaviest fighting took place in the Southwest, a front covered by Army Lodz and further south, Army Krakow. Army Poznan in the centre saw little action or contact on the first day of fighting. The German Eighth and Tenth Armies pushed through the massive densely forested areas with major infantry clashes en route. The Wolynska Cavalry Brigade successfully countered attacks by the German 4th Panzer Division whose poor co-ordination in attack delayed advance and lost equipment. This front was geographicaly the most diverse and faced the largest concentration of mechanized troops. The heaviest fighting was around the industrial zone of Katowice. In the south, the 44th and 45th Infantry Divisions attacked throught the Jablonkow Pass near Karwina and Cieszyn which were lightly defended. In the southern mountainous area, the XXII Panzer Corps attacked just below Nowy Targ at the Dunajec river which was defended by the 1st KOP Regiment and National Guard Zakopane Battalion. Army Krakow was forced to commit support to stem the attack which was temporarily held.
Outflanked and harassed by German guerrilla units, Army Krakow had to deal with a large number of armed German units set up by the Abwehr to carry out sabotage.
Once the Germans broke through the various fronts, poor communications impeded any chance of reforming on a grand scale. From the 10th until 18th September Polish units were able to reform quickly and still were able to harass and inflict serious damage. For field commanders like Anders, confusion and contradictory orders added to the pain and humiliation of the inevitable defeat. Units attempted to move south-east despite heavy co-ordinated artillery bombardments. Soldiers and civilians who were able to bear arms bravely defended and resisted for as long as possible as they moved behind the Vistula. Encirclement began and 60,000 troops were destroyed at Radom. Partisan units were organized and regular army units kept moving southeast in order to gain supplies of food and munitions and regroup to avoid annihilation once the Russians entered the war on 17th September.
Field commanders moved as many of the remnants of the army to an escape route which led to Romania and Hungary . Units breached German lines on 22nd September before Soviet troops blocked all routes. Poland finally fell on the 6th October as the last organized resistance was crushed at Hel and Kock. Zaloga and Madej (1991) estimated the Germans took 587,000 prisoners and the Soviets 200,000. Anders (1949) estimated between 200 - 300,000 escaped into Romania and Hungary through the Dukla Pass. Those who were caught by the Soviets may have been far higher (Anders, 1949). Fiedotov, an NKVD general estimated it to be nearer 475,000. However, if all those arrested including White Russians, Jews and political prisoners, the number was between 1.5 and 1.6m people. Transported to the Gulags, few survived.
One of Poland's greatest gifts towards the war effort was to have captured an Ultra machine (Stafford, 1997) early in the conflict. The true value of this encryption machine was instantly recognised by Polish and French code-breakers. Unfortunately, true recognition of its significance came later and the thanks given to the Poles hardly covers couple of sentences in either archives or in historical text..
Please write letters and call office of the President Obama, Vice President Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton why US is not sending high ranking delegation to Poland 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II?
You can also call or write to the President:
The White House
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Please include your e-mail address
Phone Numbers
Comments: 202-456-1111
Switchboard: 202-456-1414
FAX: 202-456-2461
TTY/TDD
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Vice President Joe Biden
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Rahm Emanuel
Deputy Chiefs of Staff
Jim Messina
Mona Sutphen
Senior Advisors
David Axelrod
Valerie Jarrett
Pete Rouse
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton
U.S. Department of State
2201 C Street NW
Washington, DC 20520
Main Switchboard:
202-647-4000
Thursday, August 27, 2009
Saturday, July 4, 2009
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-Dual Intel Xeon 2.66Ghz Processors
-Tyan S2721 Motherboard
-4GB Memory
-CD-ROM DRIVE
-Includes Rack mount ears
-Half Depth Server (15.5 inches deep)
-1U Height (1.75 inches high)
-EARS Rack mounds
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- 1U 15 1/2 " deeep ( you do not need back support ot rails )
same length as the Sun Cobalt RAQ550 but 10 times more processing power
- CD OS Restore included FREE SHIPPING IN US , INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING APPLY BASE ON THE LOCATION
CentOS + BlueQuartz Server Appliance is built on the community version of Redhat Enterprise Linux called Centos.
RAQport ships all the systems listed below worldwide.
This server appliance uses CentOS as operating system. As GUI interface it uses BlueQuartz, which is based on the open sourced RaQ550 Sausalito architecture from Sun Cobalt.
Sites, users, mailing lists and settings can directly be imported with the built in CMU from any Cobalt RaQ. So this is an inexpensive way to trade the aging Cobalt RaQs against much more modern hard- and software, while retaining the well known functionality and GUI interface.
A CentOS + BlueQuartz Server Appliance can do everything a RaQ550 and it does it much faster. A CentOS + BlueQuartz Server Appliance can do all including Frontpage. We do not have Chilisoft ASP at this moment ) - The serial ATA hardisks have a throughput of approximately 50 MBit/seconds and even the basic model with a 2.8GHz CPU outperforms a RaQ550 by several magnitudes.
Aside from the speed there are other compelling reasons to consider replacing existing RaQ3, RaQ4, XTR and RaQ550 with a CentOS + BlueQuartz Server Appliance
The sudden demise of the Sun Cobalt RaQ has left ISPs and hosting companies with a time bomb: hundreds of thousands of RaQ servers worldwide starting to wear out – with no viable replacement. Fortunately, Linux specialists have the answer.
Features
In short:
It is "BlueQuartz" on CentOS 5.2 and then some.
Has all BlueQuartz updates that accumulated over the last 13 months which never got released.
Has previously commercial add ons pre-installed, including ...
phpMyAdmin
Web based Email
GUI to automatically create and remove MySQL users and databases for sites.
Subdomain management
Better PHP security management on a per site basis.
New default skin for the GUI.
Working vacation messages.
Updated Dovecot and ProFTPd.
JSP support already built in with an improved GUI.
YUM updates are delivered through various mirrors right from the start.
Is still available free of charge and released under Sun modified BDS license.
Comes with PHP5 and MySQL5 preinstalled.
GUI to modify SSHd settings (root access, port, protocols)
GUI available in English, German, Danish and Japanese.
If you still need RAQ3 AND RAQ4 we have over 100 Units we we can preeload the Strongbolt Centos blueQuartz OS prices start with $79.00 OS Restore Included
Alex Lech Bajan
CEO
RAQport Inc.
2004 North Monroe Street
Arlington Virginia 22207
Washington DC Area
USA
TEL: 703-528-0114
TEL2: 703-652-0993
FAX: 703-940-8300
sms: 703-485-6619
Toll Free:1800-695-6200
EMAIL: sales@raqport.com
WEB SITE: http://raqport.com
Replacement for the SUN COBALT RAQ LINE
New Centos BluQuartz Virtualization and Cluster Web Servers
Sunday, June 28, 2009
Jewish mystification of History and new attacks on Catholics and Poland
Jewish mystification of History and new attacks on Catholics and Poland
Pod prąd - Bogusław Wolniewicz 1/4
Jewish mystification of History and new attacks Catholics and Poland
• The New World Order Attacks Poland & Catholicism, an interview with E. Michael
why Poland has to pay for th Hitler and Stalin
Jones and Thomas Herron (October 2006)
http://romancatholicreport.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/NWOPolishShakedown1006.mp3
Israel, the Catholic Church and Anti-Semitism, featuring E. Michael Jones and Israel Shamir (September 2008)
The Jewish Revolutionary Spirit and Its Impact on World History, Part I of an interview series with E. Michael Jones (September 2008)
• Libido Dominandi - Lust, Power, and Control, an interview with E. Michael Jones (July 2007)
• The Da Vinci Code Bonanza for Catholic Writers; A Pending Attack on Poland; South Bend Homosexuals; and, The Ravenous New World Order, an interview with E. Michael Jones and Thomas Herron (May 2006)
Spielberg's Munich - The End of the Holocaust Era and an Allegory for the post-9/11 USA, an interview with E. Michael Jones (January 2006)
http://romancatholicreport.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/MunichReview0106.mp3
Agents of Influence, an interview with E. Michael Jones and Thomas Herron (December 2005)
http://romancatholicreport.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/AgentsofInfluence1205.mp3
Nostra Aetate - What It Really Says, an interview with E. Michael Jones (November 2005)
http://romancatholicreport.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/NostraAetate1105.mp3
Church Persecution, an interview with E. Michael Jones and Thomas Herron (October 2005)
• Libido Dominandi - Lust, Power, and Control, an interview with E. Michael Jones (July 2007)
Israeli Firms Accused of Profiting Off Holocaust ( 0) Print This ShareThisBy Jonathan Cook
Counterpunch
Saturday, Jun 27, 2009
Israel’s second largest bank will be forced to defend itself in court in the coming weeks over claims it is withholding tens of millions of dollars in “lost” accounts belonging to Jews who died in the Nazi death camps.
Bank Leumi has denied it holds any such funds despite a parliamentary committee revealing in 2004 that the bank owes at least $75 million to the families of several thousand Holocaust victims.
Analysts said the bank’s role is only the tip of an iceberg in which Israeli companies and state bodies could be found to have withheld billions of dollars invested by Holocaust victims in the country -- dwarfing the high-profile reparations payouts from such European countries as Switzerland.
“All I want is justice,” said David Hillinger, 73, whose grandfather, Aaron, died in Auschwitz, a Nazi camp in Poland. Lawyers are demanding reparations of $100,000 for Bank Leumi accounts held by his father and grandfather.
The allegations against Bank Leumi surfaced more than a decade ago following research by Yossi Katz, an Israeli historian.
He uncovered bank correspondence in the immediate wake of the Second World War in which it cited “commercial secrecy” as grounds for refusing to divulge the names of account holders who had been killed in the Holocaust.
“I was shocked,” said Dr Katz, from Bar Ilan University near Tel Aviv. “My first reaction was: ‘My God, this isn’t Switzerland!’ ”
In 1998, following widespread censure, Swiss banks agreed to pay $1.25 billion in reparations after they there were accused of having profited from the dormant accounts of Holocaust victims.
Dr Katz’s revelations led to the establishment of a parliamentary committee in 2000 to investigate the behaviour of Israel’s banks. Its report came to light belatedly in 2004 after Bank Leumi put pressure on the government to prevent publication.
Investigators found thousands of dormant accounts belonging to Holocaust victims in several banks, though the lion’s share were located at Bank Leumi. Obstructions from Leumi meant many other account holders had probably not been identified, the investigators warned.
The parliamentary committee originally estimated the accounts it had located to be worth more than $160m, using the valuation formula applied to the Swiss banks. But under pressure from Leumi and the government, it later reduced the figure by more than half.
A restitution company was created in 2006 to search for account holders and return the assets to their families.
Meital Noy, a spokeswoman for the company, said it had been forced to begin legal proceedings this week after Bank Leumi had continued to claim that its findings were “baseless”.
The bank paid $5m two years ago in what it says was a “goodwill gesture”. Ms Noy called the payment “a joke”. She said 3,500 families, most of them in Israel, were seeking reparations from Bank Leumi.
The bank was further embarrassed by revelations in 2007 that one per cent of its shares -- worth about $80 million -- belonged to tens of thousands of Jews killed during the Holocaust.
Mr Hillinger, who was born in Belgium in 1936 and spent the Second Wold War hiding in southern France, today lives in Petah Tikva in central Israel.
He said before the outbreak of war his father and grandfather had invested money in the Anglo-Palestine Bank, the forerunner of Leumi, in the hope it would gain them a visa to what was then British-ruled Palestine.
Although his parents escaped the death camps, his grandparents were sent to Auschwitz and died in the gas chambers shortly after arrival.
Mr Hillinger said he had only learnt of the outstanding debt from Bank Leumi after his father, Moses, died in 1996. Papers showed the bank had paid his father “a pittance” in 1952 when he closed his account and that it had never returned his grandfather’s money.
When he wrote to Bank Leumi in 1998, it denied his grandfather had ever opened an account.
“My grandfather died because he was a Jew, and it is shameful that other Jews are exploiting his death,” he said. “We need to wake people up about this.”
A quarter of a million Holocaust survivors are reported to be in Israel, with one-third of them living in poverty, according to welfare organisations.
Shraga Elam, an Israeli investigative financial journalist based in Zurich, said after the war many Israelis showed little sympathy for the European Jewish refugees who arrived in Israel.
“David Ben Gurion [Israel’s first prime minister] notoriously called them ‘human dust’, and I remember as children we referred to them as sabonim, the Hebrew word for soap,” he said, in reference to the rumoured Nazi practice of making soap from Jewish corpses.
“In fact, I can’t think of any place in the world where [Holocaust] survivors are as badly treated as they are in Israel,” Mr Elam said.
He said Bank Leumi’s “lost” accounts were only a small fraction of Holocaust assets held by Israeli companies and the Israeli state that should have been returned. The total could be as much as $20bn.
He said European Jews had invested heavily in Palestine in the pre-war years, buying land, shares and insurance policies and opening bank accounts. During the Second World War Britain seized most of these assets as enemy property because the owners were living in Nazi-occupied lands.
In 1950 Britain repaid some $1.4 million to the new state of Israel, which was supposed to make reparations to the original owners.
However, little effort was made to trace them or, in the case of those who died in the Holocaust, their heirs. Instead the Israeli government is believed to have used the funds to settle new immigrants in Israel.
“These are huge assets, including real estate in some of the most desirable parts of Israel,” Mr Elam said.
Last year the Israeli media reported an investigation showing that the finance ministry destroyed its real estate files in the 1950s, apparently to conceal the extent of the state’s holding of Holocaust assets.
The case against Bank Leumi may end the generally muted criticism inside Israel of the banks’ role. Officials and even the families themselves have been concerned about the damage the case might do to Israel’s image as the guardian of Jewish interests.
In 2003 Ram Caspi, Bank Leumi’s lawyer, used such an argument before the parliamentary committee, warning its members that the US media “will say the Israeli banks also hide money, not just the Swiss”.
Organisations that led the campaign for reparations from European banks, such as the Jewish Claims Conference and the World Jewish Restitution Organisation, have also downplayed the role of the Israeli banks.
Counterpunch/JCook.net
Pod prąd - Bogusław Wolniewicz 1/4
Jewish mystification of History and new attacks Catholics and Poland
• The New World Order Attacks Poland & Catholicism, an interview with E. Michael
why Poland has to pay for th Hitler and Stalin
Jones and Thomas Herron (October 2006)
http://romancatholicreport.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/NWOPolishShakedown1006.mp3
Israel, the Catholic Church and Anti-Semitism, featuring E. Michael Jones and Israel Shamir (September 2008)
The Jewish Revolutionary Spirit and Its Impact on World History, Part I of an interview series with E. Michael Jones (September 2008)
• Libido Dominandi - Lust, Power, and Control, an interview with E. Michael Jones (July 2007)
• The Da Vinci Code Bonanza for Catholic Writers; A Pending Attack on Poland; South Bend Homosexuals; and, The Ravenous New World Order, an interview with E. Michael Jones and Thomas Herron (May 2006)
Spielberg's Munich - The End of the Holocaust Era and an Allegory for the post-9/11 USA, an interview with E. Michael Jones (January 2006)
http://romancatholicreport.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/MunichReview0106.mp3
Agents of Influence, an interview with E. Michael Jones and Thomas Herron (December 2005)
http://romancatholicreport.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/AgentsofInfluence1205.mp3
Nostra Aetate - What It Really Says, an interview with E. Michael Jones (November 2005)
http://romancatholicreport.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/NostraAetate1105.mp3
Church Persecution, an interview with E. Michael Jones and Thomas Herron (October 2005)
• Libido Dominandi - Lust, Power, and Control, an interview with E. Michael Jones (July 2007)
Israeli Firms Accused of Profiting Off Holocaust ( 0) Print This ShareThisBy Jonathan Cook
Counterpunch
Saturday, Jun 27, 2009
Israel’s second largest bank will be forced to defend itself in court in the coming weeks over claims it is withholding tens of millions of dollars in “lost” accounts belonging to Jews who died in the Nazi death camps.
Bank Leumi has denied it holds any such funds despite a parliamentary committee revealing in 2004 that the bank owes at least $75 million to the families of several thousand Holocaust victims.
Analysts said the bank’s role is only the tip of an iceberg in which Israeli companies and state bodies could be found to have withheld billions of dollars invested by Holocaust victims in the country -- dwarfing the high-profile reparations payouts from such European countries as Switzerland.
“All I want is justice,” said David Hillinger, 73, whose grandfather, Aaron, died in Auschwitz, a Nazi camp in Poland. Lawyers are demanding reparations of $100,000 for Bank Leumi accounts held by his father and grandfather.
The allegations against Bank Leumi surfaced more than a decade ago following research by Yossi Katz, an Israeli historian.
He uncovered bank correspondence in the immediate wake of the Second World War in which it cited “commercial secrecy” as grounds for refusing to divulge the names of account holders who had been killed in the Holocaust.
“I was shocked,” said Dr Katz, from Bar Ilan University near Tel Aviv. “My first reaction was: ‘My God, this isn’t Switzerland!’ ”
In 1998, following widespread censure, Swiss banks agreed to pay $1.25 billion in reparations after they there were accused of having profited from the dormant accounts of Holocaust victims.
Dr Katz’s revelations led to the establishment of a parliamentary committee in 2000 to investigate the behaviour of Israel’s banks. Its report came to light belatedly in 2004 after Bank Leumi put pressure on the government to prevent publication.
Investigators found thousands of dormant accounts belonging to Holocaust victims in several banks, though the lion’s share were located at Bank Leumi. Obstructions from Leumi meant many other account holders had probably not been identified, the investigators warned.
The parliamentary committee originally estimated the accounts it had located to be worth more than $160m, using the valuation formula applied to the Swiss banks. But under pressure from Leumi and the government, it later reduced the figure by more than half.
A restitution company was created in 2006 to search for account holders and return the assets to their families.
Meital Noy, a spokeswoman for the company, said it had been forced to begin legal proceedings this week after Bank Leumi had continued to claim that its findings were “baseless”.
The bank paid $5m two years ago in what it says was a “goodwill gesture”. Ms Noy called the payment “a joke”. She said 3,500 families, most of them in Israel, were seeking reparations from Bank Leumi.
The bank was further embarrassed by revelations in 2007 that one per cent of its shares -- worth about $80 million -- belonged to tens of thousands of Jews killed during the Holocaust.
Mr Hillinger, who was born in Belgium in 1936 and spent the Second Wold War hiding in southern France, today lives in Petah Tikva in central Israel.
He said before the outbreak of war his father and grandfather had invested money in the Anglo-Palestine Bank, the forerunner of Leumi, in the hope it would gain them a visa to what was then British-ruled Palestine.
Although his parents escaped the death camps, his grandparents were sent to Auschwitz and died in the gas chambers shortly after arrival.
Mr Hillinger said he had only learnt of the outstanding debt from Bank Leumi after his father, Moses, died in 1996. Papers showed the bank had paid his father “a pittance” in 1952 when he closed his account and that it had never returned his grandfather’s money.
When he wrote to Bank Leumi in 1998, it denied his grandfather had ever opened an account.
“My grandfather died because he was a Jew, and it is shameful that other Jews are exploiting his death,” he said. “We need to wake people up about this.”
A quarter of a million Holocaust survivors are reported to be in Israel, with one-third of them living in poverty, according to welfare organisations.
Shraga Elam, an Israeli investigative financial journalist based in Zurich, said after the war many Israelis showed little sympathy for the European Jewish refugees who arrived in Israel.
“David Ben Gurion [Israel’s first prime minister] notoriously called them ‘human dust’, and I remember as children we referred to them as sabonim, the Hebrew word for soap,” he said, in reference to the rumoured Nazi practice of making soap from Jewish corpses.
“In fact, I can’t think of any place in the world where [Holocaust] survivors are as badly treated as they are in Israel,” Mr Elam said.
He said Bank Leumi’s “lost” accounts were only a small fraction of Holocaust assets held by Israeli companies and the Israeli state that should have been returned. The total could be as much as $20bn.
He said European Jews had invested heavily in Palestine in the pre-war years, buying land, shares and insurance policies and opening bank accounts. During the Second World War Britain seized most of these assets as enemy property because the owners were living in Nazi-occupied lands.
In 1950 Britain repaid some $1.4 million to the new state of Israel, which was supposed to make reparations to the original owners.
However, little effort was made to trace them or, in the case of those who died in the Holocaust, their heirs. Instead the Israeli government is believed to have used the funds to settle new immigrants in Israel.
“These are huge assets, including real estate in some of the most desirable parts of Israel,” Mr Elam said.
Last year the Israeli media reported an investigation showing that the finance ministry destroyed its real estate files in the 1950s, apparently to conceal the extent of the state’s holding of Holocaust assets.
The case against Bank Leumi may end the generally muted criticism inside Israel of the banks’ role. Officials and even the families themselves have been concerned about the damage the case might do to Israel’s image as the guardian of Jewish interests.
In 2003 Ram Caspi, Bank Leumi’s lawyer, used such an argument before the parliamentary committee, warning its members that the US media “will say the Israeli banks also hide money, not just the Swiss”.
Organisations that led the campaign for reparations from European banks, such as the Jewish Claims Conference and the World Jewish Restitution Organisation, have also downplayed the role of the Israeli banks.
Counterpunch/JCook.net
Saturday, June 27, 2009
Dlaczego biedna Polska ma placic za Hitlera i Stalina teraz Zydzi chca nasze spodnie i buty zabrac.
Dlaczego biedna Polska ma placic za Hitlera i Stalina teraz Zydzi chca nasze spodnie i buty zabrac.
Chcą majątkowych przywilejów
Nasz Dziennik, 2009-06-27
Organizacje żydowskie chcą ułatwień prawnych w odzyskiwaniu dawnych majątków ofiar holokaustu
Władysław Bartoszewski reprezentuje Polskę podczas rozpoczętej w Pradze międzynarodowej konferencji "Mienie ery holokaustu". Uczestniczący w niej eksperci z różnych państw już na jej wstępie - co stanowi swoisty paradoks - sformułowali wnioski końcowe. Wynika z nich, iż Polska powinna zwrócić mienie należące przed wojną do Żydów, a jeśli jest to już niemożliwe - to wypłacić ekwiwalent pieniężny. Organizacje żydowskie domagają się również złagodzenia wymogów, jeśli chodzi o dokumentację posiadaną przez osobę składającą wniosek o zwrot majątku, co może umożliwić nadużycia. Warto przy tym podkreślić, że dotychczas nie zostało zwrócone Polakom mienie zagarnięte przez komunistyczne władze, bo wciąż nie ma ustawy reprywatyzacyjnej.
W z góry przyjętym podsumowaniu podkreślono, że "skonfiskowana własność prywatna nie została zwrócona dawnym właścicielom w krajach Europy Środkowowschodniej, ale znacjonalizowana za rządów komunistycznych". Tymczasem, na co wskazują eksperci, każde mienie - niezależnie od tego, czy polskie, czy żydowskie, czy jakiekolwiek inne - jeżeli nie miało spadkobiercy, automatycznie przechodziło na własność Skarbu Państwa.
"Jeśli skonfiskowana własność nie może być zwrócona, kraje powinny zapewnić alternatywną własność tej samej wartości albo zapewnić godziwe odszkodowanie" - napisano w dokumencie. Postuluje się w nim także powołanie specjalnych "trybunałów albo agencji ds. roszczeń", którym do wydania decyzji miałyby wystarczać "alternatywne formy dowodów". Wnioski w tej sprawie składano by przy tym drogą elektroniczną lub za pośrednictwem placówek dyplomatycznych, przy czym ani miejsce zamieszkania, ani obecne obywatelstwo składającego wniosek nie miałoby żadnego znaczenia. Sporo wniosków może spłynąć od obywateli amerykańskich żydowskiego pochodzenia, a należy w tym momencie przypomnieć, że 16 lipca 1960 roku rząd Polski podpisał z rządem Stanów Zjednoczonych układ dotyczący roszczeń majątkowych obywateli i instytucji USA od Polski za pozostawiony i ocalały w Polsce majątek. Zgodnie z art. 1 tejże umowy rząd Polski zobowiązał się zapłacić, a rząd USA przyjąć, 40 mln dolarów za całkowite uregulowanie i zaspokojenie wszystkich roszczeń obywateli USA zarówno osób fizycznych, jak i prawnych, z tytułu nacjonalizacji i innego rodzaju przejęcia przez Polskę mienia oraz praw i interesów związanych lub odnoszących się do mienia, które nastąpiło w Polsce przed dniem podpisania i wejścia tego układu w życie. Spłata tego zobowiązania przez Polskę następowała w rocznych ratach przesyłanych na konto Departamentu Stanu i została w całości spłacona i rozliczona 10 stycznia 1981 roku.
Autorzy dokumentu wnoszą również o wprowadzenie dodatkowego finansowania przez wspólnotę międzynarodową żyjących wciąż ofiar holokaustu. "W tym kontekście sugeruje się wykorzystanie, gdzie to możliwe, pozbawionej spadkobierców żydowskiej własności w Europie Wschodniej. Dochody z tej własności, po uzgodnieniu z istniejącymi gminami żydowskimi, powinny być przekazane na zabezpieczenie bytowych potrzeb tych, którzy przeżyli, oraz na cele edukacji. Jeśli nie podejmiemy działania teraz, to będzie za późno, o wiele za późno" - napisano w podsumowaniu, dodając, iż wyrazicielem woli ofiar holokaustu, "którzy nie mieli albo nie mają wybranego przez siebie rządu do reprezentowania ich", ma być Światowa Organizacja na rzecz Restytucji Mienia Żydowskiego (World Jewish Restitution Organisation) oraz inne podobne instytucje. W opinii dr. hab. Mieczysława Ryby, nie ma prawnych możliwości, aby wypłacać odszkodowania instytucjom niemającym nic wspólnego ze spadkobiercami.
- Jest to jakiś rodzaj dziwactwa prawnego, a w niczym to nie zadośćuczyni tym, którzy ponieśli jakieś ofiary z tym związane - ocenił Ryba. - Jeżeli są jacyś spadkobiercy, to na gruncie polskim mają możliwość zwrotu mienia - dodał.
Nikt nie wyliczył: ile kosztowało odbudowanie pożydowskich budynków, wysokości kredytów hipotecznych zaciąganych pod zastaw tychże budynków przez trudniącą się handlem ludność żydowską. Wyliczenie tego jest o tyle utrudnione, że wiele ksiąg wieczystych po prostu się nie zachowało.
Warto przypomnieć, iż po 1945 roku wiele osób, które przeżyły holokaust, przyjeżdżało do swoich rodzinnych miejscowości i sprzedawało mienie. Dochodziło często przy tym do oszustw: osoby, które nie były spadkobiercami, podawały się za takowe, sprzedawały nieruchomości i wyjeżdżały. Proceder ten, w który w większości przypadków zaangażowane były komunistyczne służby bezpieczeństwa, był uprawiany na szeroką skalę, co zresztą często znajdowało swój finał na sali sądowej. Z kolei mienie nieprywatne przechodziło na własność państwa komunistycznego.
Tymczasem w Izraelu jedna z tamtejszych organizacji zajmująca się restytucją mienia osób ocalałych z holokaustu wytoczyła proces sądowy drugiemu co do wielkości izraelskiemu bankowi Leumi. Zarzuca mu odmowę wydania funduszy złożonych w nim przez ofiary holokaustu. Jak poinformował w rozmowie z dziennikiem "Jerusalem Post" rzecznik prasowy grupy Meital Noy, sprawa dotyczy ponad 3,5 tys. rachunków bankowych.
Anna Wiejak
"Przedsiębiorstwo holokaust" rusza pełną parą
Nasz Dziennik, 2009-06-26
David Peleg: Polska ma zwrócić miliardy dolarów albo mienie
W Pradze rozpoczyna się dzisiaj pięciodniowa międzyrządowa konferencja "Mienie ery holokaustu". Do udziału w niej zaproszono przedstawicieli czterdziestu dziewięciu państw oraz trzydzieści organizacji pozarządowych. Przedmiotem rozmów będzie restytucja mienia żydowskiego: komunalnego, religijnego oraz prywatnego, w tym także dzieł sztuki oraz dóbr kultury, do czego przedstawiciele społeczności żydowskiej będą starali się nakłonić przede wszystkim państwa Europy Środkowowschodniej.
Mienie, które nie ma spadkobierców, miałoby trafić do organizacji żydowskich. Z tej okazji 25 amerykańskich kongresmenów wystosowało list do władz Polski i Litwy. Polskie Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych dotychczas nie odpowiedziało na pytanie "Naszego Dziennika" o ewentualną reakcję strony polskiej na to pismo.
Inicjatorem apelu jest wyznaczony przez sekretarz stanu USA na przewodniczącego amerykańskiej delegacji Robert Wexler, demokratyczny członek Izby Reprezentantów oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych. "Jest moim celem, aby w trakcie konferencji być jak najskuteczniejszym adwokatem ocalonych z holokaustu" - napisał w specjalnie wydanym oświadczeniu Wexler.
Izraelski dziennik "Haaretz" informuje, że już na trzy tygodnie przed międzynarodową konferencją w Pradze strona żydowska prowadziła rozmowy, czy kraje takie jak Polska i Ukraina powinny zwrócić "nieposiadającą spadkobierców własność, która należała do zamordowanych Żydów". "Podczas gdy te kraje sprzeciwiają się restytucji własności, która nie posiada spadkobierców, żydowscy przedstawiciele Konferencji 'Mienie ery holokaustu' rozpoczynającej się 26 czerwca w Pradze oświadczyli, że mienie nieposiadające spadkobierców powinno trafić do organizacji żydowskich" - pisze gazeta. W rozmowie z dziennikiem "Haaretz" David Peleg, nowo wybrany dyrektor Światowej Organizacji Żydów ds. Zwrotu Mienia, oszacował wartość utraconego w Polsce majątku żydowskiego na miliardy dolarów, na których zwrot będzie naciskał. Jednocześnie strona izraelska nie zadała sobie trudu sporządzenia kosztorysu odbudowy ze środków państwowych, a zatem przez poszczególne społeczeństwa, należących przed wojną do społeczności żydowskiej budynków i innych rodzajów wkładu w odbudowę. Konsekwentnie pomija się także kwestię kosztów utrzymania ich przez ponad pół wieku.
Kwestii restytucji poświęcił obszerny artykuł "Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs" (III: 1 /2009), w którym Herbert Block, nawiązując do tematu konferencji, żali się, iż żydowska własność znajduje się w złej kondycji z powodu zaniedbania jej przez lokalne władze. Zdaniem Blacka, do 2008 r. zwrócono łącznie 16 proc. żydowskiego mienia. Zauważa, że stosowne ustawy w tej materii nie zostały uchwalone na Litwie, Łotwie, w Bośni, Słowenii, Rosji, Białorusi i Mołdawii. "Najbardziej oporna, jeśli chodzi o rozmowy na temat restytucji, jest Litwa" - stwierdza Block.
- Zaoferowane przez Litwę odszkodowania za nieruchomości żydowskie przejęte podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej i sowieckiej są zbyt małe i następują zbyt późno - ocenił przedstawiciel Komitetu Żydów Amerykańskich (AJC) Andrew Baker po wczorajszym spotkaniu w Wilnie z premierem Litwy Andriusem Kubiliusem. W poniedziałek rząd w Wilnie zadecydował, że z powodu kryzysu gospodarczego w kraju odszkodowania, rozłożone na dziesięć lat, ruszą w roku 2012. Przyjęty w marcu projekt, który jeszcze ma być zaaprobowany przez parlament, przewiduje wypłacenie odszkodowań o wysokości 113 mln litów (33 mln euro) za sporne mienie, co według oceny rządu stanowi jedną trzecią jego wartości.
Zastanawiające, że ani amerykański Kongres (warto przypomnieć, że w Departamencie Stanu USA znajduje się specjalna komórka ds. zwrotu żydowskiego mienia; zaangażowane są w to także amerykańskie przedstawicielstwa dyplomatyczne.), ani środowiska żydowskie zwrotu mienia nie domagają się tak aktywnie od strony rosyjskiej, za to usiłują wymusić restytucję i odszkodowania na znajdujących się pod sowiecką okupacją Polakach i Litwinach.
Autorem sformułowania "przedsiębiorstwo holokaust" jest amerykański naukowiec żydowskiego pochodzenia Norman Finkelstein, który w jednej ze swych książek dowodzi, że żydowskie organizacje nauczyły się czerpać wymierne korzyści z odwoływania się do holokaustu.
Anna Wiejak
Chomsky on Dershowitz' "jihad" against Finkelstein Part 1
ZBRODNIE (ŻYDO)KOMUNISTÓW- "Rabin kontra prof. Nowak" 1/2
Zbrodnie (ŻYDO)KOMUNISTÓW- "Rabin kontra prof. Nowak" 2/2
Profesor Wolniewicz + Profesor Nowak w TV TRWAM
Holocaust assets conference opens in Prague
By KAREL JANICEK – 20 hours ago
PRAGUE (AP) — Holocaust survivors, Jewish groups and experts gathered in Prague on Friday to assess efforts to return property and possessions stolen by the Nazis to their rightful owners or heirs.
The five-day conference, which brings together delegates from 49 countries, is a follow-up to a 1998 meeting in Washington that led to agreements on recovering art looted by the Nazis.
Stuart Eizenstat, head of the U.S. delegation, called it the most ambitious international meeting ever on the recovery of such stolen possessions or compensation for their loss.
One goal is to produce international guidelines on this, but they would not be compulsory for the governments involved.
"There's no political will to have a binding treaty," Eizenstat acknowledged.
But he said the voluntary principles that were approved in Washington are having an impact. "We have hundreds of pieces of art that have been returned," he said.
During the Holocaust, Adolf Hitler and his followers killed 6 million Jews and seized billions of dollars of gold, art and private and communal property across Europe. But while countries such as Austria have stepped up restitution in recent years, critics claim some Central and Eastern European states still have a long way to go.
"Many governments in Central and Eastern Europe have not found a way to implement a process to resolve outstanding real property issues that is both consistent with national law and incorporates basic principles such as nondiscriminatory treatment of non-citizens and a simple, expeditious claims and restitution process," said conference delegate Christian Kennedy, the U.S. Special Envoy for Holocaust Issues.
Kennedy said the U.S. wants the meeting "to provide an impetus for an expansion in social welfare benefits to survivors and lay the framework for further real property compensation."
The Czech Republic, host of this week's meeting, and other countries, have come under fire for legal hurdles and a lack of political will that critics claim make property restitution in some cases practically impossible.
For example, attempts by Maria Altmann of California to reclaim a castle north of Prague that once belonged to her uncle, Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, proved futile since she is not a Czech citizen.
"As far as I know, there is no legal method for obtaining any recovery there at this time," Altmann's lawyer, Randol Schoenberg, said in an e-mail. Altmann had waged — and won — a seven-year legal battle in neighboring Austria for the return of five paintings by Gustav Klimt.
Efforts by the daughter of wealthy Jewish banker Jiri Popper to recover a building he once owned in Prague also have stalled.
Czechoslovak President Edvard Benes gave the building, which currently houses the Russian Embassy, to the Soviet Union in 1945. Last year, Popper's daughter filed lawsuits against both the Czech Republic and Russia demanding restitution, but no trial date has been set because Czech authorities said they have failed so far to formally inform Moscow about it, said Irena Benesova, the family's lawyer.
While the Justice Ministry declined to comment on the matter, Russian Embassy spokesman Alexandr Pismenny said Moscow was the "honest owner."
Both Schoenberg and Benesova wanted to make their case at the conference but were turned away by organizers who said they did not want discussion of individual cases. The Holocaust Survivors' Foundation claims that others also have not been allowed to have their say in setting the agenda for the conference.
In a letter to U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton dated June 19, the group expressed concern about "the lack of survivor involvement on the planning, priority setting and policy making roles in the conference."
Still, the Czech Republic does appear to be taking some steps in the right direction.
A government fund created nine years ago with 300 million koruna (US$15.9 million) has paid out 100 million koruna (US$5.3 million) to 516 out of 1,256 requests from 27 countries. The requests came from people whose restitution claims did not meet the criteria set by law.
The country also has set up the Documentation Center of Property Transfers of Cultural Assets of WWII Victims, an institution that identifies artwork and other items in Czech collections and museums that were seized from Jews during the Nazi occupation.
According to Director Helena Krejcova, some 7,000 paintings and other works of art that originally belonged to Czech Jews have been found, and another more than 1,000 stolen pieces are believed to be abroad.
"There's still a lot of work ahead of us," Krejcova said, adding that sometimes efforts to restitute items are stymied by a lack of cooperation from other states and a change to that is nowhere in sight.
Case in point: Czech authorities have been waiting five years for a reply from Russia after Krejcova's team traced a valuable collection of 500 porcelain pieces once owned by Holocaust victim Hans Meyer to St. Petersburg.
On the Net:
Holocaust Era Assets Conference: http://www.holocausteraassets.eu
Roszczenia względem Polski w sprawie mienia żydowskiego- cz1
Roszczenia względem Polski w sprawie mienia żydowskiego- cz2
Chcą majątkowych przywilejów
Nasz Dziennik, 2009-06-27
Organizacje żydowskie chcą ułatwień prawnych w odzyskiwaniu dawnych majątków ofiar holokaustu
Władysław Bartoszewski reprezentuje Polskę podczas rozpoczętej w Pradze międzynarodowej konferencji "Mienie ery holokaustu". Uczestniczący w niej eksperci z różnych państw już na jej wstępie - co stanowi swoisty paradoks - sformułowali wnioski końcowe. Wynika z nich, iż Polska powinna zwrócić mienie należące przed wojną do Żydów, a jeśli jest to już niemożliwe - to wypłacić ekwiwalent pieniężny. Organizacje żydowskie domagają się również złagodzenia wymogów, jeśli chodzi o dokumentację posiadaną przez osobę składającą wniosek o zwrot majątku, co może umożliwić nadużycia. Warto przy tym podkreślić, że dotychczas nie zostało zwrócone Polakom mienie zagarnięte przez komunistyczne władze, bo wciąż nie ma ustawy reprywatyzacyjnej.
W z góry przyjętym podsumowaniu podkreślono, że "skonfiskowana własność prywatna nie została zwrócona dawnym właścicielom w krajach Europy Środkowowschodniej, ale znacjonalizowana za rządów komunistycznych". Tymczasem, na co wskazują eksperci, każde mienie - niezależnie od tego, czy polskie, czy żydowskie, czy jakiekolwiek inne - jeżeli nie miało spadkobiercy, automatycznie przechodziło na własność Skarbu Państwa.
"Jeśli skonfiskowana własność nie może być zwrócona, kraje powinny zapewnić alternatywną własność tej samej wartości albo zapewnić godziwe odszkodowanie" - napisano w dokumencie. Postuluje się w nim także powołanie specjalnych "trybunałów albo agencji ds. roszczeń", którym do wydania decyzji miałyby wystarczać "alternatywne formy dowodów". Wnioski w tej sprawie składano by przy tym drogą elektroniczną lub za pośrednictwem placówek dyplomatycznych, przy czym ani miejsce zamieszkania, ani obecne obywatelstwo składającego wniosek nie miałoby żadnego znaczenia. Sporo wniosków może spłynąć od obywateli amerykańskich żydowskiego pochodzenia, a należy w tym momencie przypomnieć, że 16 lipca 1960 roku rząd Polski podpisał z rządem Stanów Zjednoczonych układ dotyczący roszczeń majątkowych obywateli i instytucji USA od Polski za pozostawiony i ocalały w Polsce majątek. Zgodnie z art. 1 tejże umowy rząd Polski zobowiązał się zapłacić, a rząd USA przyjąć, 40 mln dolarów za całkowite uregulowanie i zaspokojenie wszystkich roszczeń obywateli USA zarówno osób fizycznych, jak i prawnych, z tytułu nacjonalizacji i innego rodzaju przejęcia przez Polskę mienia oraz praw i interesów związanych lub odnoszących się do mienia, które nastąpiło w Polsce przed dniem podpisania i wejścia tego układu w życie. Spłata tego zobowiązania przez Polskę następowała w rocznych ratach przesyłanych na konto Departamentu Stanu i została w całości spłacona i rozliczona 10 stycznia 1981 roku.
Autorzy dokumentu wnoszą również o wprowadzenie dodatkowego finansowania przez wspólnotę międzynarodową żyjących wciąż ofiar holokaustu. "W tym kontekście sugeruje się wykorzystanie, gdzie to możliwe, pozbawionej spadkobierców żydowskiej własności w Europie Wschodniej. Dochody z tej własności, po uzgodnieniu z istniejącymi gminami żydowskimi, powinny być przekazane na zabezpieczenie bytowych potrzeb tych, którzy przeżyli, oraz na cele edukacji. Jeśli nie podejmiemy działania teraz, to będzie za późno, o wiele za późno" - napisano w podsumowaniu, dodając, iż wyrazicielem woli ofiar holokaustu, "którzy nie mieli albo nie mają wybranego przez siebie rządu do reprezentowania ich", ma być Światowa Organizacja na rzecz Restytucji Mienia Żydowskiego (World Jewish Restitution Organisation) oraz inne podobne instytucje. W opinii dr. hab. Mieczysława Ryby, nie ma prawnych możliwości, aby wypłacać odszkodowania instytucjom niemającym nic wspólnego ze spadkobiercami.
- Jest to jakiś rodzaj dziwactwa prawnego, a w niczym to nie zadośćuczyni tym, którzy ponieśli jakieś ofiary z tym związane - ocenił Ryba. - Jeżeli są jacyś spadkobiercy, to na gruncie polskim mają możliwość zwrotu mienia - dodał.
Nikt nie wyliczył: ile kosztowało odbudowanie pożydowskich budynków, wysokości kredytów hipotecznych zaciąganych pod zastaw tychże budynków przez trudniącą się handlem ludność żydowską. Wyliczenie tego jest o tyle utrudnione, że wiele ksiąg wieczystych po prostu się nie zachowało.
Warto przypomnieć, iż po 1945 roku wiele osób, które przeżyły holokaust, przyjeżdżało do swoich rodzinnych miejscowości i sprzedawało mienie. Dochodziło często przy tym do oszustw: osoby, które nie były spadkobiercami, podawały się za takowe, sprzedawały nieruchomości i wyjeżdżały. Proceder ten, w który w większości przypadków zaangażowane były komunistyczne służby bezpieczeństwa, był uprawiany na szeroką skalę, co zresztą często znajdowało swój finał na sali sądowej. Z kolei mienie nieprywatne przechodziło na własność państwa komunistycznego.
Tymczasem w Izraelu jedna z tamtejszych organizacji zajmująca się restytucją mienia osób ocalałych z holokaustu wytoczyła proces sądowy drugiemu co do wielkości izraelskiemu bankowi Leumi. Zarzuca mu odmowę wydania funduszy złożonych w nim przez ofiary holokaustu. Jak poinformował w rozmowie z dziennikiem "Jerusalem Post" rzecznik prasowy grupy Meital Noy, sprawa dotyczy ponad 3,5 tys. rachunków bankowych.
Anna Wiejak
"Przedsiębiorstwo holokaust" rusza pełną parą
Nasz Dziennik, 2009-06-26
David Peleg: Polska ma zwrócić miliardy dolarów albo mienie
W Pradze rozpoczyna się dzisiaj pięciodniowa międzyrządowa konferencja "Mienie ery holokaustu". Do udziału w niej zaproszono przedstawicieli czterdziestu dziewięciu państw oraz trzydzieści organizacji pozarządowych. Przedmiotem rozmów będzie restytucja mienia żydowskiego: komunalnego, religijnego oraz prywatnego, w tym także dzieł sztuki oraz dóbr kultury, do czego przedstawiciele społeczności żydowskiej będą starali się nakłonić przede wszystkim państwa Europy Środkowowschodniej.
Mienie, które nie ma spadkobierców, miałoby trafić do organizacji żydowskich. Z tej okazji 25 amerykańskich kongresmenów wystosowało list do władz Polski i Litwy. Polskie Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych dotychczas nie odpowiedziało na pytanie "Naszego Dziennika" o ewentualną reakcję strony polskiej na to pismo.
Inicjatorem apelu jest wyznaczony przez sekretarz stanu USA na przewodniczącego amerykańskiej delegacji Robert Wexler, demokratyczny członek Izby Reprezentantów oraz Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych. "Jest moim celem, aby w trakcie konferencji być jak najskuteczniejszym adwokatem ocalonych z holokaustu" - napisał w specjalnie wydanym oświadczeniu Wexler.
Izraelski dziennik "Haaretz" informuje, że już na trzy tygodnie przed międzynarodową konferencją w Pradze strona żydowska prowadziła rozmowy, czy kraje takie jak Polska i Ukraina powinny zwrócić "nieposiadającą spadkobierców własność, która należała do zamordowanych Żydów". "Podczas gdy te kraje sprzeciwiają się restytucji własności, która nie posiada spadkobierców, żydowscy przedstawiciele Konferencji 'Mienie ery holokaustu' rozpoczynającej się 26 czerwca w Pradze oświadczyli, że mienie nieposiadające spadkobierców powinno trafić do organizacji żydowskich" - pisze gazeta. W rozmowie z dziennikiem "Haaretz" David Peleg, nowo wybrany dyrektor Światowej Organizacji Żydów ds. Zwrotu Mienia, oszacował wartość utraconego w Polsce majątku żydowskiego na miliardy dolarów, na których zwrot będzie naciskał. Jednocześnie strona izraelska nie zadała sobie trudu sporządzenia kosztorysu odbudowy ze środków państwowych, a zatem przez poszczególne społeczeństwa, należących przed wojną do społeczności żydowskiej budynków i innych rodzajów wkładu w odbudowę. Konsekwentnie pomija się także kwestię kosztów utrzymania ich przez ponad pół wieku.
Kwestii restytucji poświęcił obszerny artykuł "Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs" (III: 1 /2009), w którym Herbert Block, nawiązując do tematu konferencji, żali się, iż żydowska własność znajduje się w złej kondycji z powodu zaniedbania jej przez lokalne władze. Zdaniem Blacka, do 2008 r. zwrócono łącznie 16 proc. żydowskiego mienia. Zauważa, że stosowne ustawy w tej materii nie zostały uchwalone na Litwie, Łotwie, w Bośni, Słowenii, Rosji, Białorusi i Mołdawii. "Najbardziej oporna, jeśli chodzi o rozmowy na temat restytucji, jest Litwa" - stwierdza Block.
- Zaoferowane przez Litwę odszkodowania za nieruchomości żydowskie przejęte podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej i sowieckiej są zbyt małe i następują zbyt późno - ocenił przedstawiciel Komitetu Żydów Amerykańskich (AJC) Andrew Baker po wczorajszym spotkaniu w Wilnie z premierem Litwy Andriusem Kubiliusem. W poniedziałek rząd w Wilnie zadecydował, że z powodu kryzysu gospodarczego w kraju odszkodowania, rozłożone na dziesięć lat, ruszą w roku 2012. Przyjęty w marcu projekt, który jeszcze ma być zaaprobowany przez parlament, przewiduje wypłacenie odszkodowań o wysokości 113 mln litów (33 mln euro) za sporne mienie, co według oceny rządu stanowi jedną trzecią jego wartości.
Zastanawiające, że ani amerykański Kongres (warto przypomnieć, że w Departamencie Stanu USA znajduje się specjalna komórka ds. zwrotu żydowskiego mienia; zaangażowane są w to także amerykańskie przedstawicielstwa dyplomatyczne.), ani środowiska żydowskie zwrotu mienia nie domagają się tak aktywnie od strony rosyjskiej, za to usiłują wymusić restytucję i odszkodowania na znajdujących się pod sowiecką okupacją Polakach i Litwinach.
Autorem sformułowania "przedsiębiorstwo holokaust" jest amerykański naukowiec żydowskiego pochodzenia Norman Finkelstein, który w jednej ze swych książek dowodzi, że żydowskie organizacje nauczyły się czerpać wymierne korzyści z odwoływania się do holokaustu.
Anna Wiejak
Chomsky on Dershowitz' "jihad" against Finkelstein Part 1
ZBRODNIE (ŻYDO)KOMUNISTÓW- "Rabin kontra prof. Nowak" 1/2
Zbrodnie (ŻYDO)KOMUNISTÓW- "Rabin kontra prof. Nowak" 2/2
Profesor Wolniewicz + Profesor Nowak w TV TRWAM
Holocaust assets conference opens in Prague
By KAREL JANICEK – 20 hours ago
PRAGUE (AP) — Holocaust survivors, Jewish groups and experts gathered in Prague on Friday to assess efforts to return property and possessions stolen by the Nazis to their rightful owners or heirs.
The five-day conference, which brings together delegates from 49 countries, is a follow-up to a 1998 meeting in Washington that led to agreements on recovering art looted by the Nazis.
Stuart Eizenstat, head of the U.S. delegation, called it the most ambitious international meeting ever on the recovery of such stolen possessions or compensation for their loss.
One goal is to produce international guidelines on this, but they would not be compulsory for the governments involved.
"There's no political will to have a binding treaty," Eizenstat acknowledged.
But he said the voluntary principles that were approved in Washington are having an impact. "We have hundreds of pieces of art that have been returned," he said.
During the Holocaust, Adolf Hitler and his followers killed 6 million Jews and seized billions of dollars of gold, art and private and communal property across Europe. But while countries such as Austria have stepped up restitution in recent years, critics claim some Central and Eastern European states still have a long way to go.
"Many governments in Central and Eastern Europe have not found a way to implement a process to resolve outstanding real property issues that is both consistent with national law and incorporates basic principles such as nondiscriminatory treatment of non-citizens and a simple, expeditious claims and restitution process," said conference delegate Christian Kennedy, the U.S. Special Envoy for Holocaust Issues.
Kennedy said the U.S. wants the meeting "to provide an impetus for an expansion in social welfare benefits to survivors and lay the framework for further real property compensation."
The Czech Republic, host of this week's meeting, and other countries, have come under fire for legal hurdles and a lack of political will that critics claim make property restitution in some cases practically impossible.
For example, attempts by Maria Altmann of California to reclaim a castle north of Prague that once belonged to her uncle, Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, proved futile since she is not a Czech citizen.
"As far as I know, there is no legal method for obtaining any recovery there at this time," Altmann's lawyer, Randol Schoenberg, said in an e-mail. Altmann had waged — and won — a seven-year legal battle in neighboring Austria for the return of five paintings by Gustav Klimt.
Efforts by the daughter of wealthy Jewish banker Jiri Popper to recover a building he once owned in Prague also have stalled.
Czechoslovak President Edvard Benes gave the building, which currently houses the Russian Embassy, to the Soviet Union in 1945. Last year, Popper's daughter filed lawsuits against both the Czech Republic and Russia demanding restitution, but no trial date has been set because Czech authorities said they have failed so far to formally inform Moscow about it, said Irena Benesova, the family's lawyer.
While the Justice Ministry declined to comment on the matter, Russian Embassy spokesman Alexandr Pismenny said Moscow was the "honest owner."
Both Schoenberg and Benesova wanted to make their case at the conference but were turned away by organizers who said they did not want discussion of individual cases. The Holocaust Survivors' Foundation claims that others also have not been allowed to have their say in setting the agenda for the conference.
In a letter to U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton dated June 19, the group expressed concern about "the lack of survivor involvement on the planning, priority setting and policy making roles in the conference."
Still, the Czech Republic does appear to be taking some steps in the right direction.
A government fund created nine years ago with 300 million koruna (US$15.9 million) has paid out 100 million koruna (US$5.3 million) to 516 out of 1,256 requests from 27 countries. The requests came from people whose restitution claims did not meet the criteria set by law.
The country also has set up the Documentation Center of Property Transfers of Cultural Assets of WWII Victims, an institution that identifies artwork and other items in Czech collections and museums that were seized from Jews during the Nazi occupation.
According to Director Helena Krejcova, some 7,000 paintings and other works of art that originally belonged to Czech Jews have been found, and another more than 1,000 stolen pieces are believed to be abroad.
"There's still a lot of work ahead of us," Krejcova said, adding that sometimes efforts to restitute items are stymied by a lack of cooperation from other states and a change to that is nowhere in sight.
Case in point: Czech authorities have been waiting five years for a reply from Russia after Krejcova's team traced a valuable collection of 500 porcelain pieces once owned by Holocaust victim Hans Meyer to St. Petersburg.
On the Net:
Holocaust Era Assets Conference: http://www.holocausteraassets.eu
Roszczenia względem Polski w sprawie mienia żydowskiego- cz1
Roszczenia względem Polski w sprawie mienia żydowskiego- cz2
Friday, April 4, 2008
General Thaddeus Kosciuszko 1746 - 1817Hero of America and Poland
General Thaddeus Kosciuszko 1746 - 1817Hero of America and Poland
http://www.tvpolonia.com/player/index.php?path=58&mov=603343806.wmv&play=1
General Thaddeus Kosciuszko 1746 - 1817Hero of America and Poland
Thaddeus Kosciuszko was born in Poland on February 4, 1746, son of Ludwik and Tekla Kosciuszko. He attended school in Lubieszow and then the Cadet Academy in Warsaw before continuing his engineering studies in Paris, France. By the time Kosciuszko arrived in America from Poland in 1776, he was a skilled engineer who came to offer his services to the American colonies in their struggle for independence. On October 18, 1776 Kosciuszko was commissioned as Colonel of Engineers by the Continental Congress and began his outstanding service of fortifying battle sites, many of which became turning points in America's fight for independence against the British.
Shortly after arriving in Philadelphia in 1776, Kosciuszko read the Declaration of Independence and was moved to tears because he discovered in this single, concise document everything in which he truly believed. When he discovered that Thomas Jefferson was responsible for drafting the Declaration, he felt compelled to meet him. A few months later, while moving south with the Continental Army, Kosciuszko stopped in Virginia to meet with Jefferson. After a very warm reception, the two men spent the day comparing philosophies and eventually became the best of friends.
In the early days of the war, Kosciuszko helped to fortify the Philadelphia waterfront at Fort Mercer. Shortly after, he was transferred to New York, where he helped with fortifications along the Hudson and planned the defense for Saratoga. The Battle of Saratoga became known as one of military history's most famous struggles for independence and proved to be a turning point in the war.
In 1778, Kosciuszko was made chief engineer of West Point, New York. This fortification became known as the American Gibraltar because it was unable to be penetrated by the British Army. Eventually West Point became a military academy.
In 1783, Kosciuszko was appointed Brigadier General and was awarded the Cincinnati Order Medal by General George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. Washington also presented Kosciuszko with two pistols and a sword as gifts for his outstanding service to America.
After the colonies won their independence, Kosciuszko returned to Poland in 1784 to help his own country win independence from the surrounding European powers. Kosciuszko was the national hero of the 1794 insurrection. After the successful battle of Raclawice on April 4, 1794, first Warsaw and then Wilno were liberated from enemy occupation. Kosciuszko was wounded in the failed revolt and taken prisoner by the Russians. Upon his release from prison, he returned to America on August 18, 1797, which he considered his "second home." He received a hero's welcome when he reached the Philadelphia waterfront along the Delaware River. Afterward, he secured a residence at 3rd and Pine Streets, which is now the Kosciuszko House, a national memorial to this hero of the American Revolution.
Kosciuszko was admired by general and foot soldier alike, both for his technical knowledge and for his sympathetic understanding and generosity. Jefferson wrote of Kosciuszko, "He is as pure a son of liberty as I have ever known." Tragically, Kosciuszko, a devoted champion of the poor and oppressed, never witnessed the arrival of freedom in his homeland, Poland.
Kosciuszko was a firm believer of equality and requested, before leaving the United States for the second time, that the money from his estate be used to buy freedom for slaves, help to educate them and provide them with enough land to support themselves.
Kosciuszko spent the last years of his life in Switzerland, where on October 15, 1817 he died at the age of 72. He is buried in Wawel Castle, in Krakow, Poland, among the tombs of the Polish Kings.
In 1828 a Corps of Cadets erected a monument to Kosciuszko at West Point, where his work was of vital importance to America in the Revolution.
You can learn more about General Thaddeus Kosciuszko when you visit the Kosciuszko House, Third and Pine Streets, or the Polish American Cultural Center Museum, 308 Walnut Street, both in historic Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The Kosciuszko House, 3rd and Pine Streets in Historic Philadelphia, PA.
View of Kosciuszko's Room at 3rd and Pine Streets.
Kosciuszko's Advice to a Youth
To do honor to your family and yourself and at my recommendation, you must reread what follows every day so that it will be engraved on your memory on which your well being will depend.
Rise at four in the summer and six in the winter. Your first thoughts must be directed towards the Supreme Being; worship Him for a few minutes. Set yourself to work with reflection and intelligence, either at your prescribed duty carried out in the most scrupulous manner, or perfect yourself in some science in which you should have true mastery. Avoid lying under any circumstances in your life, but always be frank and loyal and always tell the truth. Never be idle but be sober and frugal even hard on yourself while indulgent to others. Do not be vain nor an egotist. Before speaking or answering on something, reflect and consider well in order not to lose your point and say something stupid. Never fail to give due recognition under any circumstances to the person who is in charge of your well being. Anticipate his desires and his wishes. Pay close attention with proper humility. Look for an opportunity to be useful. As you are a foreigner in the country, redouble your concern and efforts to gain trust and preference over the natives legitimately by your merit and superior knowledge. If a secret is entrusted in you, keep it religiously; in all your actions you must be upright, sincere and open; no dissimulation in your speech, do not argue but seek the truth calmly and with modesty, be polite and considerate to everyone, agreeable and obliging in society, humane and helpful to the unfortunate according to your means. Read instructive books to embellish your mind and improve your spirit. Do not degrade yourself by making bad acquaintances, but rather those with high principles and reputation thus your conduct should be such that the whole world approves it and that wherever you may be it will be considered irreproachable.
T Kosciuszko
Kosciuszko Tribute Ceremony
Milestones in the Life of General Kosciuszko
The Will of General Kosciuszko
Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial
An Army Born in Revolution (An article from Common Dreams.com)
General Thaddeus Kosciuszko Statue in Philadelphia
http://www.tvpolonia.com/player/index.php?path=58&mov=603343806.wmv&play=1
General Thaddeus Kosciuszko 1746 - 1817Hero of America and Poland
Thaddeus Kosciuszko was born in Poland on February 4, 1746, son of Ludwik and Tekla Kosciuszko. He attended school in Lubieszow and then the Cadet Academy in Warsaw before continuing his engineering studies in Paris, France. By the time Kosciuszko arrived in America from Poland in 1776, he was a skilled engineer who came to offer his services to the American colonies in their struggle for independence. On October 18, 1776 Kosciuszko was commissioned as Colonel of Engineers by the Continental Congress and began his outstanding service of fortifying battle sites, many of which became turning points in America's fight for independence against the British.
Shortly after arriving in Philadelphia in 1776, Kosciuszko read the Declaration of Independence and was moved to tears because he discovered in this single, concise document everything in which he truly believed. When he discovered that Thomas Jefferson was responsible for drafting the Declaration, he felt compelled to meet him. A few months later, while moving south with the Continental Army, Kosciuszko stopped in Virginia to meet with Jefferson. After a very warm reception, the two men spent the day comparing philosophies and eventually became the best of friends.
In the early days of the war, Kosciuszko helped to fortify the Philadelphia waterfront at Fort Mercer. Shortly after, he was transferred to New York, where he helped with fortifications along the Hudson and planned the defense for Saratoga. The Battle of Saratoga became known as one of military history's most famous struggles for independence and proved to be a turning point in the war.
In 1778, Kosciuszko was made chief engineer of West Point, New York. This fortification became known as the American Gibraltar because it was unable to be penetrated by the British Army. Eventually West Point became a military academy.
In 1783, Kosciuszko was appointed Brigadier General and was awarded the Cincinnati Order Medal by General George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. Washington also presented Kosciuszko with two pistols and a sword as gifts for his outstanding service to America.
After the colonies won their independence, Kosciuszko returned to Poland in 1784 to help his own country win independence from the surrounding European powers. Kosciuszko was the national hero of the 1794 insurrection. After the successful battle of Raclawice on April 4, 1794, first Warsaw and then Wilno were liberated from enemy occupation. Kosciuszko was wounded in the failed revolt and taken prisoner by the Russians. Upon his release from prison, he returned to America on August 18, 1797, which he considered his "second home." He received a hero's welcome when he reached the Philadelphia waterfront along the Delaware River. Afterward, he secured a residence at 3rd and Pine Streets, which is now the Kosciuszko House, a national memorial to this hero of the American Revolution.
Kosciuszko was admired by general and foot soldier alike, both for his technical knowledge and for his sympathetic understanding and generosity. Jefferson wrote of Kosciuszko, "He is as pure a son of liberty as I have ever known." Tragically, Kosciuszko, a devoted champion of the poor and oppressed, never witnessed the arrival of freedom in his homeland, Poland.
Kosciuszko was a firm believer of equality and requested, before leaving the United States for the second time, that the money from his estate be used to buy freedom for slaves, help to educate them and provide them with enough land to support themselves.
Kosciuszko spent the last years of his life in Switzerland, where on October 15, 1817 he died at the age of 72. He is buried in Wawel Castle, in Krakow, Poland, among the tombs of the Polish Kings.
In 1828 a Corps of Cadets erected a monument to Kosciuszko at West Point, where his work was of vital importance to America in the Revolution.
You can learn more about General Thaddeus Kosciuszko when you visit the Kosciuszko House, Third and Pine Streets, or the Polish American Cultural Center Museum, 308 Walnut Street, both in historic Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The Kosciuszko House, 3rd and Pine Streets in Historic Philadelphia, PA.
View of Kosciuszko's Room at 3rd and Pine Streets.
Kosciuszko's Advice to a Youth
To do honor to your family and yourself and at my recommendation, you must reread what follows every day so that it will be engraved on your memory on which your well being will depend.
Rise at four in the summer and six in the winter. Your first thoughts must be directed towards the Supreme Being; worship Him for a few minutes. Set yourself to work with reflection and intelligence, either at your prescribed duty carried out in the most scrupulous manner, or perfect yourself in some science in which you should have true mastery. Avoid lying under any circumstances in your life, but always be frank and loyal and always tell the truth. Never be idle but be sober and frugal even hard on yourself while indulgent to others. Do not be vain nor an egotist. Before speaking or answering on something, reflect and consider well in order not to lose your point and say something stupid. Never fail to give due recognition under any circumstances to the person who is in charge of your well being. Anticipate his desires and his wishes. Pay close attention with proper humility. Look for an opportunity to be useful. As you are a foreigner in the country, redouble your concern and efforts to gain trust and preference over the natives legitimately by your merit and superior knowledge. If a secret is entrusted in you, keep it religiously; in all your actions you must be upright, sincere and open; no dissimulation in your speech, do not argue but seek the truth calmly and with modesty, be polite and considerate to everyone, agreeable and obliging in society, humane and helpful to the unfortunate according to your means. Read instructive books to embellish your mind and improve your spirit. Do not degrade yourself by making bad acquaintances, but rather those with high principles and reputation thus your conduct should be such that the whole world approves it and that wherever you may be it will be considered irreproachable.
T Kosciuszko
Kosciuszko Tribute Ceremony
Milestones in the Life of General Kosciuszko
The Will of General Kosciuszko
Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial
An Army Born in Revolution (An article from Common Dreams.com)
General Thaddeus Kosciuszko Statue in Philadelphia
Jego imię Polska. Tadeusz Kościuszko; film dokumentalny
Jego imię Polska. Tadeusz Kościuszko; film dokumentalny
http://www.tvpolonia.com/player/index.php?path=58&mov=603343806.wmv&play=1
http://www.tvpolonia.com/player/index.php?path=58&mov=603343806.wmv&play=1
Jego imię Polska. Tadeusz Kościuszko; film dokumentalny
Jego imię Polska. Tadeusz Kościuszko; film dokumentalny
http://www.tvpolonia.com/player/index.php?path=58&mov=603343806.wmv&play=1
http://www.tvpolonia.com/player/index.php?path=58&mov=603343806.wmv&play=1
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